el-8, elē̆ i-, lē̆ i-

    el-8, elē̆ i-, lē̆ i-

    English meaning: to bow, bend; elbow, *rainbow

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “biegen”

    Material: A. Here names position themselves at first for “elbow” and “ulna, ell”: Gk. ὠλένη “elbow”, ὠλήν, -ένος ds.; ὠλέκρᾱνον (from ὠλενο-κρᾱνον through remote dissimilation, compare Brugmann Ber. d. sächs. Ges. d. W. 1901, 31 ff.) “ the point of the elbow “; ὦλλον την τοῦ βραχίονος καμπήν Hes.; Lat. ulna (from *olinü) “ elbow, arm; an ell “; O.Ir. uilenn “ elbow “, M.Ir. uillind “elbow” (-ll- from -ln- the syncopated case, compare Pedersen KG. II 59), Welsh elin, O.Corn. elin, Bret. ilin “elbow” (*olīnü ); Goth.: aleina “ulna, ell” shows the same long middle vowel, however, Gmc. forms have remaining short middle vowel: O.E. eln (Eng. ell), O.H.G. elina, M.H.G. elline, elne, Ger. Elle; AltN.. shows form variegation: O.Ice. seldom alen (aNor. also alun) with preserved middle vowel, otherwise ǫln, eln (ǭln, üln); simple root *ō̆lē̆- in O.Ind. aratní-ḥ m. “elbow”, Av. arǝϑna- ds. frü-rüϑni- “ulna, ell”, O.Pers. arašniš ds.; in Alb. lërë Gheg lans “ arm from elbow to wrist, ell “ (*lenü; yet compare Pedersen KZ. 33, 544) lacks the anlaut vowel.

    Note: Alb.Gheg lans “ ell “ derived from zero grade of *alana “elbow” B. The same root placed furthermore in: O.Ind. üṇ í -ḥ m. “ pin, leg part about the knee “ (*ürni-, IE *ēlni- or *ōlni-), arüla-ḥ “ bent, curved “, ǘrtnī “ end of curve “, probably also in alaka- “ hair lock “, perhaps in üla-vülam “ Vertiefung um die Wurzel eines Baumes, um das fũr den Baumbestimmte Wasser einzufangen “; Arm. oɫn (gen. oɫin) “dorsal vertebrae, backbone, spine, shoulder”, ulu “backbone, spine, shoulder” (from IE*olen, respectively *ōlen); further Arm. aɫeɫn (gen. aɫeɫan) “bow, rainbow”, il (gen. iloy) “ spindle, arrow, Spille “ (*ēlo-), ilik ds.; Welsh olwyn (*oleinü) “wheel”; Gmc. ablaut. *luni- in O.H.G. O.S. M.H.G. lun “ axle pin, linchpin “, Ger. Lonnagel, compare O.H.G. luning “ linchpin “, O.E. lyni-bor “borer”, next to which a s-derivative O.E. lynis, asächs. lunisa, M.L.G. lũns(e), Ger. Lũnse; Lith. lušì s “ axle pin “ (Specht Decl. 100, 125, 163); O.Bulg. lanita “cheek” (*olnita). C. further formations ē̆l-ē̆q-: 1. In names for elbow, arm, now and then also other body parts: Arm. olok” ‘shinbone, leg” (*eloq- or *oloq-); Gk. [ἄλξ καὶ] ἄλαξ πῆχυς, ᾽Αθαμάνων Hes.; Lith. úolektis f., Ltv. uôlekts “ell” (originally conservative stem *ōlekt-); Maybe Alb. ulok “lame” : M.Ir. losc “lame” O.Pruss. woaltis, woltis “ulna, ell, forearm” (*ōlkt-); Lith. alkúnė, elkúnė f., O.Pruss. alkunis “elbow”, Ltv. èlks n. èlkuons ds., O.Bulg. lakъtъ, Russ. lókotь “ ulna, ell “ (*olkъ-tь); Russ. dial. alьčik (?) “ ankle, ankle bone; heel “. 2. Gk. λοξός “ bent, dislocated, slantwise “ (M.Ir. losc “lame”), λέχριος ‘slant, skew, quer” (*λεκσ-ριος), λέχρις “quer”, λικριφίς “quer” (diss. from *λιχριφίς, Saussure MSL. 7, 91, Hirt IF. 12, 226; whose i of the first syllable probably rather from ε assimilated as with ι = e, as indeed:) λικροί Hes. besides λεκροί “ the prongs of deer antlers “, λίξ, λίγξ πλάγιος Hes., as “ incurvation, trough “ λέκος n., λέκις, λεκάνη “trough, platter “; Welsh llechwedd ‘slope, inclination “, Gaul. Lexovii, Lixovii VN; M.Ir. losc “lame”; Lat. licinus “bent or turned upward, having crooked horns” (from *lecinos), lanx, -cis “ a plate, platter; the scale of a balance “ (probably also lacus etc., s. *laqu-); quite dubious is the interpretation from O.Bulg. lono “bosom, lap” etc. from *loq-s-no- “ incurvation “, also from Bulg. lónec etc. “pot, pan” from loq-s-no- (see Berneker 732). D. To lē̆ i- “bend” belong also: Perhaps Goth. undarleija “ loWest, faintest”; Ltv. leja “valley, lowland, depression”, lejš “ situated low “. 1. With m-suffixes: presumably Gk. λειμών “meadow” (“*lowland, depression, indentation “), λιμήν “ harbor “, Thess. “ market “ (“*bay”), λίμνη ‘sea, pond, pool” (“*immersion, depression bent inwards, dent”); Welsh llwyf “elm” (*lei-mü), Ir. PN Liamhain (to *līamh ds.), perhaps zero grade M.Ir. lem ds. (*limo-), Ir. PN Leamhain (whether not from *lemo-, see under el-1); Lat. līmus ‘sidelong, askew, aslant, askance; an apron crossed with purple; slime, mud, mire”, līmes -itis “ a path, passage, road, way, track “, Osc. liímítúm “ a path, passage, road, way, track “, līmen “ doorsill “ (“*crossbar, crossbeam”); O.N. limr (u-stem) f. “limb, member, thin twig, branch” (“*pliable”), lim f. ds., lim n. “ the fine branches which carry the foliage “, O.E. lim n. “limb, member, twig, branch”, zero grade O.N. līmi m. “ trunk, Körperstatur “ (Lith. liemuõ m. “tree truck, Körperstatur”, originally “ round timber, curvature “?). Maybe Alb.Gheg (*lemes) lamsh “ball of (pliable) wool, globe of earth, pool, spellet”. 2. With r-suffix: perhaps Alb. klir-të “valley” from prefix kë+li-r. 3. With t-suffixes: Lat. lituus “ a crooked staff borne by an augur, augur’s crook, crosier, augural wand “ (being based on *li-tu-s “ curvature “); Goth. liÞus “limb, member”, O.N. liðr (u-stem) “joint, limb, member, curvature, bay”, O.E. lið, lioðu- m., O.S. lith “joint, limb, member”, O.H.G. lid, M.H.G. lit, lides m. n. “ds., part, piece” (s-stem), wherefore O.N. liða “bend, bow”, O.E. üliðian “ dismember, separate”, O.H.G. lidōn “ cut in pieces “ as well as O.N. liðugr “(flexible) a little bit movable, free, unhindered”, M.H.G. ledec “ available, single, free, unhindered “; Toch. AB lit- “go away, die, tumble, fall down”. E. guttural extensions: Lat. oblīquus “ sidelong, slanting, awry, oblique, crosswise, skew” (-u̯o- could be suffix, compare curvus), liquis ds. (probably with ī), līcium “ in weaving, the thrum or perhaps a leash; in gen., a thread, a cross thread; plur., the woof “ (“*weft”), lixulae “ a round pancake made of flour, cheese, and water “; perhaps Welsh llwyg (*lei-ko-) “ balky horse”, Bret. loeg-rin “an askance look” (Loth RC 42, 370 f).

    References: WP. I 156 ff., WH. I 744, 761, 798.